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In 1879 Tolstoy came to believe that his achievements and existence were meaningless, plunging him into a state of extreme pain and restlessness that seemed to lead him fatally towards suicide. Written in a vital period that marks a change in his aesthetic trajectory...

Hadji Murad is a short novel written by Leo Tolstoy. It was Tolstoy's final work. The subject matter is one Hadji Murat, an Avar rebel commander who, for reasons of personal revenge, forges an uneasy alliance with the Russians he had been fighting.

Written in 1857 and 1858, these two stories are a tribute to Tolstoy's passion for music and are inspired by episodes from his life. In "Lucerne" he offers evocative descriptions of the city by the lake and recreates in first person the conflicts of...